Thyroid is a gland which is butterfly shaped . thyroid gland secret a hormone namely thyroxin. Thyroid hormones are essential for regulate metabolic rate , stimulating protein synthesis . maintain normal body temperature etc. due the malfunctioning of thyroid gland the following disorders many happened.

Hypothyroidism

Hypothyrodism is due to the low level of thyroid hormones. This is due to the failure of thyroid gland or inadequate dietry supply of iodine. . the main symptoms are decrease in metabolic activity and poor tolerance of cold. The hypo secretion of thyroid hormones causes cretinism in children. Cretinism results in dwarfism . because the skeletal fails to grow and mature. The brain development may affect .some of the features of patients are dry skin, thick tongue , lethargy , respiratory problems , constipation etc.

The hyposecretion of thyroid hormones in adults results in myxodema .the major symptom of this disease is accumulation of intestinal fluid .due to accumulation of fluid the facial tissues to swell and look fluffy.

Hyperthyroidism

The hypersecretion of thyroid hormones results in grave’s disease. It is also known as exopthalmic goiter. These patients have projection behind the eyes . it is more often seen in females.