The elisa are of two types . they are DAS ELISA –double antibody sandwich ELISA, and DAC ELISA – direct antigen coating ELISA .the first one is used to detect the antigen and second is used to find antibodies
The sample of blood suspected to contain antigen is take on the surface of an ELISA plate. After this the antibody specific to the antigen is added and allowed to react them. After complition of reaction the un reacted antibodies are washed out . now the plate contains only the antibody bound antigen . this antigen antibody complex is again allowed to react with anti immuno globulin. Then the complex is linked to an enzyme known as peroxidase . the un reacted part of the complex is washed away. , add the substrate of the enzyme along with the reagents. The enzyme reacts with the substrate and give a colored product .the intensity of color depends on the amount of antigen in the blood. ELSA is the primary test for finding hiv virus, after this other confirmation test is to do.
AIDS is the short form of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. The term acquired means , that are not present at birth. The deficiency of immune system means , the immune system in the body do not work properly , the disease resistance power of body declined. AIDS in not a disease it is syndrome, a syndrome is the technical name of group of symptoms. The AIDS first reported in Los Angeles in 1981. the pathogen causing aids is hiv virus, it was first find by luc montagnier in 1983. hiv come under retrovirus, it frequently change it s genetic material RNA to DNA . the enzyme help for this transformation is reverse trascriptase.
AIDS is transmits from one person to another through unprotected vaginal and anal intercourse, non secured blood transfusion., shared use of needles, one important point is to be noted that hiv virus not transmits through mosquito bite. Mosquito’s cannot act as a vector for Aids.
symptoms of aids
Decrement the count of T lymphocyte in immune system . it leads to mal functioning of immune systems. The major point is to be remember is that no treatment is available to cure AIDS. So “prevention is better than cure”.
