Ascorbic acid
It is also known as vitamin c. the deficiency of vitamin c results in scurvy. This is a situation failure to form connective tissue . this will leads to bleeding gums , anaemia, loose teeth , emaciation , delayed healing of wounds and swollen joints
Calciferol
It is also known as vitamin d . the deficiency of this vitamin cause rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. This is a situation of weal bones and soft bones , poor muscular development and distorted skeleton muscles.
Biotin
The deficiency of biotin cause dermatitis . the symptoms are scaly skin , muscle pain and weakness.
Menadione
It is also known as vitamin k . the deficiency of this cause severe bleeding . the symptoms are delayed blood clotting .
Folic acid
The deficiency leads to macrocytic anemia and malformed rbc. This will results in distortion in antibody synthesis , growth also stunted .
Cyanocobalamine
The deficiency cause pernicious anemia. The characteristic symptom is large , immature rbc without hemoglobin.
Niacin
It is also known as nicotin amide . the deficiency results in pellagra and canine disease . the symptoms are scaly and pigmented skin , diarrhea.
Biocides are biologically active organic molecules synthesized by chemists. They are introduce tin the environment to kill certain plants , insects .examples include parathion, malathion . Dieldrin, chlordane, cacodylic acid, ddt. etc
Environmental problems resulting from the use of biocides include short lived organisms such as insects quickly evolve resistance to them. The biocides accumulate in food chains affecting the animals higher in the chain more than the organism lower in the chain. They tend to persist in the environment for long periods of time , they are non selective , killing beneficial as well as pest species and the alter the species with in food web which interferes with feedback control that normally promote stability which in turn causes widespread change in the structure and function of ecosystem.
The fist used on a large scale was ddt . it was introduce in 1942 and used for approximately 25 years to kill insect pests on agricultural crops and forest. Ddt is now banned in as it was found to accumulate in fat and become more concentrated in the higher predator in which it cause reproductive failure and sometimes death. The resulting reductions in population densities of such animals as songbird , eagles . falcon. Etc.
Fenithion is presently used in the control of spruce budworm population. The biocide is sprayed on spruce fir forests every year to prevents out bread of the budworm population. How ever fenithion itself influence the composition of these forest in way that were not anticipated it kills birch seeding spruce has little effect on the fir and spruce seedling .the fenithion also accumulate sin stream and lakes where it probably has detrimental effects on aquatic organisms.
The diet of each type of animal must include a specific group of essential nutrients essential amino acids ,essential fatty acids , vitamins and minerals to provide the raw materials needed to synthesize the different kinds of organic molecules the animal must have to sustain life. The essential nutrients are materials the animal because the ability to synthesize particular molecules in a genetic trait acquired through natural selection and because each type old animal has a unique evolutionary history.
In general the more simple and primitive animals are able to synthesize more or the material they require than can the more complex and advances animal. the ability to construct many material was lost during the enzymes required to synthesize them were no longer necessary and were lost from the genetic repertoire
All animals require vitamin c for it is essential in the construction and maintenance of substance that bind cells together specially in skin , bone and muscle. The only animal that require vitamin c in there diet how ever are those with a ancestors that regularly consumed and adequate supply of vitamin c and gradually lost the enzymes necessary for its synthesis.
