Vitamin A

Vitamin is the best vitamin that helps eye vision.It provide good vision in low light.Vegetables like Carrot and all have rich vitamin A ,it also helps to stay away from night blindness.

Vitamin C

Vitamin C helps you to stay away from Cataracts.It is also said that having sufficient vitamin c (which is rich in citrus fruits) is very much helpful for glaucoma patients to reduce the eye pressure.

Vitamin E

As all know that vitamin E is a good anti oxidant.Freed radicals are produced in the deficiency of Vitamin E   and they kills cells and tissues.

The presence of dark circles or bags around the eyes shows the bad health of a person. This may be caused due to stress or strain, disease, fatigue, medication, hereditary or due to anemia. These dark circles appearing just under the eyes are blood vessels which are seen through the skin. This mainly happens because the thickness of the skin below the eye is very thin. Sometimes these dark circles may appear as hereditary. A bluish tint occurs when blood passes through large veins. Since the skin is very transparent, the circles may appear much darker. The dark circles can also be caused due to the deficiency of iron or due to poor diet. The presence of dark circles under the eyes also indicates the deficiency of oxygen in the tissues of the body. Sometimes excessive exhaustion may also cause the skin to pale, leading to dark circles. Aging also makes the skin to become translucent and thus making it darker. Sometimes pigmentation also leads to the formation of dark circles because melanin is produced near the eyes.

There is no perfect treatment for dark circles. So it is found that it cannot be completely cured. There are some homemade solutions to make this dark circles to fade. One such method is to drink plenty of water and fluids so that to improve circulation and to eliminate toxins. Avoid consuming whole foods, fruits, vegetables. Also avoid the habit smoking, consumption of alcohol and drinks which are caffeinated. Use of tea bags or slices of potato or slices of raw cucumber may reduce dark circles. They are put on the closed eyes for about 20 mins and then they are washed off by using cold water. Doing this process for a week may lighten the dark circles appearing under the eyes. The dark circles can also be treated by improving blood circulation by pressuring under the eyes. In some cases washed cloth immersed in rosemary tea is placed on the eyes as treatment against dark circles.

INFECTIVE CONJUNCTIVITIS

Infective conjunctivitis, i.e., inflammation of the conjunctiva caused by microorganisms is the commonest variety. This is in spite of the fact that the conjunctiva has been provided with natural protective mechanisms in the form of low temperature due to exposure to air, physical protection by lids, flushing action of tears, antibacterial activity_of lysozymes and humoral protection by the tear immunoglobulins.
BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS
There has occurred a relative decrease in the incidence of bacterial conjunctivitis in general and those caused by gonococcus and corynebacterium diphtheriae in particular. However, in developing countries it still continues to be the commonest type of conjunctivitis. It can occur as sporadic cases and as epidemics. Outbreaks of bacterial conjunctivitis epidemics are quite frequent during monsoon season.
Etiology
A. Predisposing factors for bacterial conjunctivitis, especially epidemic forms, are flies, poor hygienic conditions, hot dry climate, poor sanitation and dirty habits cause of bacterial conjunctivitis and blepharoconjunctivitis.

• Staphylococcus epidermidis is an innocuous flora of lid and conjunctiva. Rarely it can also produce blepharoconjunctivitis.
• Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) produces acute conjunctivitis usually associated with petechial subconjunctival haemorrhages. The disease has a self-limiting course of 9-10 days.
• Streptococcus pyogenes (haemolyticus) is virulent and usually produces pseudomembranous conjunctivitis.
• Haemophilus influenzae (aegyptius, Koch-Weeks bacillus). It classically causes epidemics of mucopurulent conjunctivitis, known as ‘redeye’ especially in semitropical countries.
• Moraxella lacunate (Morax-Axenfeld bacillus) is most common cause of angular conjunctivitis and angular blepharo conjunctivitis.
• Pseudomonas pyocyanea is a virulent organsism. It readily invades the cornea.
• Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus) may produce mucopurulent conjunctivitis.
• Corymebacterium diphtheriae causes acute membranous conjunctivitis. Such infections are rare now- a-days.

C. Mode of infection. Conjunctiva may get infected from three sources, viz, exogenous, local surrounding structures and endogenous, by following modes :

• 1. Exogenous infections may spread: (i) directly through close contact, as air-borne infections or as water-borne infections; (ii) through vector transmission (e.g. flies); or (iii) through material transfer such as infected fingers of doctors, nurses, common towels, handkerchiefs, and infected tonometers.
• 2. Local spread may occur from neighbouring structures such as infected lacrimal sac, lids, and nasopharynx. In addition to these, a change in the character of relatively innocuous organisms present in the conjunctival sac itself may cause infections.
• 3. Endogenous infections may occur very rarely through blood

Inflammation of the conjunctiva (conjunctivitis) is classically defined as conjunctival hyperaemia associated with a discharge which may be watery, mucoid, mucopurulent or purulent.
Etiological classification

• 2. Allergic conjunctivitis.
• 3. Irritative conjunctivitis.
• 5. Traumatic conjunctivitis.
• 6. Keratoconjunctivitis of unknown etiology.

Clinical classification
Depending upon clinical presentation, conjunctivitis can be classified as follows:

• 1. Acute catarrhal or mucopurulent conjunctivitis.
• 2. Acute purulent conjunctivitis
• 3. Serous conjunctivitis
• 4. Chronic simple conjunctivitis
• 5. Angular conjunctivitis .
• 6. Membranous conjunctivitis
• 7. Pseudomembranous conjunctivitis
• 8. Papillary conjunctivitis
• 9. Follicular conjunctivitis
• 10.Ophthalmia neonatorum
• 11. Granulomatous conjunctivitis
• 12.Ulcerative conjunctivitis
• 13.Cicatrising conjunctivitis

To describe different types of conjunctivitis, a mixed approach has been adopted, i.e. some varieties of conjunctivitis are described by their etiological names and others by their clinical names. Only common varieties of clinical interest are described here.

Fundus flourescein angiography (FFA) is a valuable
tool in the diagnosis and management of a large number of fundus disorders.
Basically, FFA gives information by allowing the examiner to study the changes, produced by various fundus disorders, in the flow of fluorescein dye along the vasculature of the retina and choroid. Indications. It is indicated in many disorders of ocular fundus, viz., (1) Diabetic retinopathy (2) Vascu-lar occlusions; (3) Eales’ disease. (4) Central serous retinopathy, (5) Cystoid macular oedema.
Technique.

The technique of FFA comprises of rapidly injecting 5 ml of 10 per cent solution of sterile sodium fluorescein dye in the antecubital vein and taking serial photographs (with fundus camera) of the fundus of the patient who is seated with pupils fully dilated. The fundus camera has a mechanism to use blue light (420-490 nm wavelength) for exciting the fluorescein present in blood vessels and to use yellow-green filter for receiving the fluorescent light (510-530 nm wavelength) back for photography.
The first photograph is taken after 5 seconds, then every second for next 20 seconds and every 3-5 seconds for next one minute. The last pictures are taken after 10 minutes.
Complications. FFA is comparatively a safe procedure. Minor side effects include : discoloration of skin and urine, mild nausea and rarely vomiting. Anaphylaxis or cardiorespiratory problems are extremly rare. However, a syringe filled with dexamethasone and antihistaminic drug along with other measures should be kept ready to deal with such catastrophy.
Phase of angiogram. Normal angiogram consists of following overlapping phases:
1.  Pre-arterial phase. Since the dye reaches the choroidal circulation 1 second earlier than the retinal arteries, therefore in this stage choroidal circulation is filling, without any dye in retinal arteries.
2.  Arterial phase. It starts 1 second after prearterial phase and lasts until the retinal arterioles are completely filled.

involves the complete filling of retinal arterioles and capillaries with a laminar flow along the retinal veins
4. Venous phase. In this phase veins are filling and arterioles are emptying. This phase can be subdivided into early, mid, and late venous phase.
Abnormalities detected by FFA. In the blood fluorescein is readily bound to the albumin. Normally the dye remains confined to the intravascular space due to the barriers formed by the tight junctions between the endothelial cells of retinal capillaries (in-ler blood-retinal barrier) and that between the pig-nent epithelial cells (outer blood retinal barrier).
In diseased states abnormalities in the form of lyperfluorescence and hypofluorescence may be letected on FFA. !. Hyperfluorescence. The causes are :
a)   A window defect in RPE due to atrophy shows background choroidal fluorescence.
b)  Pooling of dye under detached RPE.
c)  Pooling of dye under sensory retina after breakdown of the outer blood-retinal barrier as
occurs in central serous retinopathy (CSR).
i) Leakage of dye into the neurosensory retina due to a breakdown in inner blood-retinal barrier e.g. as seen in cystoid macular edema (CME).
e) Leakage of dye from the choroidal or retinal neovascularization e.g. as seen in cases of proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and subretinal neovascular membrane in age-related macular degeneration.

(f)   Staining i.e. long retention of dye by some tissues e.g. as seen in the presence of drusen.
(g)   Leakage of dye from optic nerve head as seen in papilledema.
2. Hypofluorescence. The causes are:
(a)   Blockage of background fluorescence due to abnormal deposits on retina e.g. as seen due to the presence of retinal haemorrhage, hard exudates and pigmented clumps.
(b)   Occlusion of retinal or choroidal vasculature, e.g. as seen in central retinal artery occlusion and occlusion of capillaries in diabetic retinopathy.
(c)   Loss of vasculature as occurs in patients with choroideremia and myopic degeneration.

• include vitamin E in your diet
• use rose water to clean your face , you will get a glowing eyes
• for eye relaxation put a piece of cucumber on your eyes
• apply custor oil on your eye brow before going to sleep

• to get an elongated eye lashes apply castor oil before sleeping
• to avoid wrinkles massage with honey around your eyes
  by applying potato mixture you can reduce the dark cycle on your eyes
  by applying cold teabags on your eyes, you can reduce dark circles

• by putting a piece of cucumber on your eyes, you can avoid black ring
• to remove dark circles place cotton wool after dipping it in a cold milk
• to improve your eye brightness apply sandal paste around eyes

• mixture of lemon and potato apply around your eyes, wash it after 30 minutes

• by massaging with coconut oil you can reduce dark circles

• by washing face with  salt water(in small quantity) you can prevent the eye infections

Some doctors suggest wearing spectacles for headache,whats the real target behind that?Fact is that headache is related to eyestrain.Simple eye exercises like moving eyes up and down then side to side head rotation forward and backward(Neck outstretched) and then three times clockwise and anti clockwise and get rid of your eyestrain and thereby your headache.Its a fact that massaging can help you a lot to relieve your eyestrain or headache,Just massage your neck slowly bringing the shoulders together and then releasing,do this a few times to get your eyes cool and truly it helps a lot!

Is Headache symptom of Hypertension?

Sometimes headache can be a symptom of hypertension,High Blood Pressure can be one reason for this severe headache starting once you wake up in the morning.Calf-Level immersion of legs in hot water for 15 minutes is a safer method of treatment as this process draws blood away from head to feet which in turn reduces your headache.Yoga can also help you a lot ,different kinds of ASANAMS and other yogic methods can get rid of your blood pressure or Hypertension and ultimately your head ache.Pranayama is a yogic practice which helps you a lot to relieve your blood pressure.The other signs which comes long with Hypertension HeadAche are palpitation, irregular heartbeats, nervousness, fatigue, retinal hemorrhage etc.
And above all mental health is very much important in this case,If you think you are ill all the time it will only do harm to you a well conditioned mind helps you lots to relieve your headache.

Heredity-rather than too little sleep-is the real culprit of dark circles and undereye bags.The undereye ‘circle’ is caused by blood vessels under skin while undereye bags are actually small pouches of fat just under the skin.The skin in the eye area is the thinnest on the body;sometimes these veins show through,especially as me ages and as one’s skin becomes even thinner through the breakdown of elastin tissue.Undereye circles can also be symptoms of allergies that cause blood vessels in the nasal/eye area to dilate.If the circles are accompanied by symptoms such as swelling,congestion,or pain,see a physician.Undereye bags are actually small pouches of fat just under the skin. Fatigue can make both more obvious but logging extra hours of sleep cannot banish undereye bags and circles ,it can only alleviate the puffiness.Makeup coverage is the best way to conceal circles and bags; use a cream concealer a shade lighter than your foundation or try one in a blue tint–it casts shadows away from the face.

Q:What is the difference between a coloured cosmetic lens and an
ordinary contact lens?
The difference lies in the colouring,one is coloured and the other
is clear.There are two colour processors.Colour is either incorporated
betweentwo layers of clear lens materials or is tinted onto the lens
itself with coloured dyes.These coloure dyes have been approved bx
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)