Back pain is a symptom of injury of bones, muscles or spinal nerves. the abdominal disorders like appendicitis, bladder infections, kidney infections, ovarian disorders can cause back pain.back pain is commonly seen in pregnant women’s. it is due to the stretching of ligaments with in the pelvic regions. the common back pain treatments are described below lying on your back with a pillow under the knees. exercises are very effective to reduce back pain ibuprofen can be used to reduce back pain prolonged bed rest can cure the back pain in order to avoid back pain you should follow a healthy life style. select suitable exercise, avoid high impact activities. the exercises such as swimming, cycling , walking etc can reduce back pain.
TSS is a very rare disease ,but it is very serious. it is due to the tampon use. in rare cases tampon has been fatal. TSS syndrome can be seen in men, children and women who are not menstruating. the disease is caused by staphylococcus bacterium. the disease is commonly affects different body portions like skin, vagina, nose etc. the common symptoms of tss are vomiting, fever, muscle ache, diarrhea, rashes on skin, fainting, dizziness etc. woman’s who are suffering with these disease , while wearing a tampon, immediately remove tampon and consult your doctor for treatment. before using a tampon , should read the instructions given in the leaflet. the tampon use risk can be avoid by using pads.
body hygiene
body odor can by reduced by
daily bath
daily change the clothe
use deodorant
genital hygiene
in males-daily wash penis, groin and scrotum, pull the foreskin back and clean the head of penis
in females- daily wash the external genital area
vaccine is used to produce immunity to various diseases. vaccines can effectively prevent the infection by the pathogens like viruses, bacteria etc. most commonly used vaccines are influenza vaccine , chicken pox vaccine,
hpv vaccine etc. by taking vaccines at correct time we can easily prevent the infectious diseases. simply we can say vaccine is inactivated pathogen. the term vaccine first used by Edward Jenner in 1796. vaccination is the method in which develop artificial immunity in body. immunization means stimulating the immunity power of body by using inactivated pathogens. vaccines for aids, alzhemers disease and cancer will produced near future. louis pasteur discovered the first vaccine against rabies virus.
different types of vaccinations are used now a days. pathogens are cultured in cultural medium and then killed by using formaldehyde, then apply to body. the second method, the living virus particles are injected into the body in very low virulence. in third method virus proteins are injected into the body.
fever is also known by the name pyrexia. the characterized symbol of fever is elevation of body temperature from the normal level(98 F). fever is an immune response of body, to overcome the viral or bacterial infections.fevers are of different types, intermittent fever- the presence of elevated temperature only for one or two hours in a day. after that the temperature become normal. this type of fever appears periodically.Remittant fever- the high body body temperature remains throughout the day but the temperature varies more than 1 degree celcius. continuous fever- the body temperature remains high throughout the day but it doesn’t vary more than 1 degree celcius. fever is a symptom of varies diseases both in humans and animals. for measuring your body temperature different types of equipments are available.
The most commonly used is mercury thermometers. fever in severe cases may cause brain damage(above 108 F). almost all types of infections results in fever. the most common among them are urianay infections, respiratory disorders, bacterial gastroenterities and viral gastroenterities, pneumonia, appendicitis, skin infections, meningitis, tuburculosis etc. the inflamatory disorders such as rhematoid arthritis, systamic lupus erythematosus, vasculitis etc are also cause fever. the primary symptom of cancer is fever. the medicines such as acetominophen, ibuprofen etc are used to reduce fever in adults and children .
Fever diet
you should take plenty of water and fluid foods during fever time, avoid the apple juices and sports drinks as much as possible. take medicines according to your doctor advice.
The AIDS is a fatal disease caused by the retrovirus known as Hummun immuno deficiency virus(HIV).This virus breaks the immunity system of the body.AIDS refers only to the last stage of HIV infection. It is also called a modern pandemic effecting both industrialized and developing countries.The AIDS was first recognized in USA in 1981.HIV was earliness known as human T-cell lymphotropic virus 3.It has a protein capsule.The genome of this virus is diploid.it is composed of 2 identical RNA copies.Reverse transcriptase enzyme is the characteristic feature of retro virus.The he virus remains in the body once it is infected.The modes of transmission of this virus are transfusion of infected blood, use of contaminated needles and syringes, and also by the use of contaminated razors.This virus can also be transmitted by sexual intercourse with the infected identity, artificial insemination and by organ transplantation.This cannot be acquired by crowd transport and shaking hands and kissing etc..The AIDS virus consist of glycoprotien ceat ,double layer of lipid membrane and two protein protein bands.It also contain RNA and reverse transcriptise enzyme. The human chromosome get inserted by the DNa copy of HIV and this replicates the DNA cell..This results in the infection of the virus particles in the new T-helper cells. .The major symptoms of aids includes fever , lethargy , pharyngitis, naucea and headache..The AIDS can be diagnosed by ELIZA TEST.The incubation period of AIDS is between six months to ten years .
This disease is caused by a RNA virus.The polio virus is the smallest known virus.This virus can be affected either through nasal membrane to the olfactory nerves or through food or water.This virus multiplies in the intestine wall and spreads in the body through blood strain. The virus destroys the dorsal horn cells of the spinal cord which controls the activities of the muscles.Without these impulses the fails to work and thus gets shrinks and so the limbs get paralyzed.Thu the patient cannot walk without support.When the respiratory centers of medulla are destroyed by the viruses the breathing fails.this disease is regarded as a disease of infancy and childhood exclusively.Due to these reasons this disease is called infantile paralysis.But now this disease may occur at any stages.It may also spread through contaminated diseases or flies or insects that may contaminate the food.As some symptoms resembles to the same symptoms of fever the diagnosis is not favorable.The incubation period of polio virus is from 7-14 days.The main symptoms are stiffness and pain in the neck and back bone.If the virus enter in to the Central nervous system causes varying degrees of paralysis. immunization is the effective way of preventing polio myelitis.Salk and Sabin had developed vaccine for polio myelitis.The function of this vaccines is to increase an individual resistance and decreases the total number of cases of polio infection.Due to all these reasons there is no specific cure for polio myelitis.Right intake of Polio Vaccine at the right time can prevent polio,so be aware of that and save your child.
Today most parents are concerned about health and welfare of their children. This can be natural normal concern. However some parents worry about varies thins like, how is their child developing? How is the emotional well-being of their child? Most parents compare their children with other children and against prevalent social norms. If they feel their child is in any way different in they may seek help. At first parents discuss their concern with a family member or friend, then a family physician or a school counceller. If they problems are progressive, serious, and persistent or are a hurdle in development, they need to ask for help.
The depressed child
Not only adults, children and teenagers also can get depressed. World over there is rise in adolescence depressed up to 20 percent adolescence can be depressed. Parents must be aware of signs in their children such as persistence sadness, lack of enjoyment in favorite activities, increased activity or irritability, persistence physical complaint like headaches and stomachaches, frequent absence from school, poor academic performance, persistence boredom, low energy poor concentration, eating or sleeping pattern changes and spending more time alone. Depressed children may talk of ending their lives or abuse alcohol and drugs to feel better. Stressful life events like failure, love failure parental separation, physical or sexual abuse can precipitate depression. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential. Depression in child and adolescents needs psychiatric help. The treatment is in the form of medication and therapy.
Hydrophobia is another common name for rabies.The vaccine for rabies was discovered by louis pasteurI.t is an acute fatal viral disease of the central nervous system.This disease is primarily affected in carnivores.Rabies is caused by IYSSA virus type 1 which is a bullet shaped neurotropic RNA containing virus.Rabies in man is generally caused by the bite of rabid dog.This disease is generally transmityted from one organism to another through the saliva which enters by the wound made by the byte of the animal.The rabies virus is also known as street virus.
Rabies Symptoms and Treatment
The incubation period of this disease is commonly from 3-8 weeks following the exposure but can be varied from 4 days to many years.This incubation period depends upon the distance of injury to the central nervous system.soon after the virus reaches the nervous system it stimulates the nervous sytem and damages the cells of spinal cord and results in extreme excitation.The victim develops fear even at the site of food and water therefore the disease is purely hydrophobia.There is no specific treatment for rabies.The following care managements can be adopted for rabies , they are the isolation of patient in quiet room protected from possible external stimuli such as light nois etc.Thr patients affected by rabies are infectious since the saliva contain virus. and so vomits tears etc.When human cases of rabies are encountered pre exposure prophylaxys with 2-3 does of HDC vaccine is recommended.The main preventive measure is the irradication of stray Dogs and cats and compulsary immunisation of pet dogs.The symptoms of rabies in ddogs are madness , changed voice, excessive salivation. Rabid dogs should be immediately killed and cleaning the wounds is also an important preventive measure from this disease
Malaria is a big threat, especially in the developing world. About 300 million people are infected with malaria every year and more than 2 million die annually due to this dreadful disease. This disease is caused by a protozoan parasite Plasmodium.
Laveran discovered the malarial parasite in 1880. But it was Ronald Ross (1887) who confirmed that the disease malaria is caused by the malarial parasite and that mosquito is the vector. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for medicine for this outstanding achievement.
Malaria spreads through the bite of an insect vector called female anopheles mosquito, which feeds on human blood.
Headache, nausea, muscular pains and high fever are the main symptoms of malaria. Malaria progresses in three stages: cold stage (shivering stage), hot stage(faster heart beat and faster respiration with high fever) and sweating stage in which temperature goes down to normal. Enlargement of spleen and liver is a secondary effect of malaria.
The best way to prevent this disease is to prevent mosquito from biting us. Wire-gauze, insect repellents etc may be used. In stagnant water bodies larvivorous fishes which feed on mosquito larvae may be introduced (minnows, trout, gambusia).This is an effective biological control method. Also it is important to destroy mosquito breeding places.
A drug named quinine is mainly used to treat a malaria-infected patient. Quinine is extracted from the bark of the cinchona tree . New and advanced efforts are being made for the development of an antimalarial vaccine.
Anthrax is caused by the bacterium namely bacillus anthracis. This disease is contagious and affects horse, sheep, and goats etc. it can also spread to human beings. In animals anthrax spreads through polluted water, feed, and pastures .
Symptoms: in severe cases anthrax cause increased respiration and blood mixed foamy discharge from mouth., nose and anus .in such situation the infected animals may die with in minutes. The anthrax bacterium uses the oxygen in the blood of affected animal .as a result the animals die due to lack of oxygen.
Anthrax may spread to human beings. In the case of human beings , an antibiotic namely ciprofloxacin is quite effective for the treatment of anthrax. It is effective only in the initial stage. But in cattle the ciprofloxacin is less effective , it can use only in chronic cases. Anthrax antiserum can also used with good results. To prevent anthrax antiserum is given to all healthy animals to protect them from the disease
